Why Do You Want For Attending John Wesley Honors College

Why do you want to participate in the John Wesley Honors College? The John Wesley Honors College is for driven students who wish to enrich their education in a Christ-centered community. The experience of the Honors College will challenge and empower me to develop into a well informed, deep-thinking, and resourceful servant leader. I have always had a passion for learning. As some kids dread school and learning, I have always been excited and intrigued by it. Learning answers and reasons why to questions has always interested me into discovering truth and ultimately lead to my successful academic career in high school. God has gifted me with this passion for learning and I wish to glorify God in my studies and onto my career later in life. This honors education is nationally renowned and Christ-centered. Giving the glory to God has been a challenge for me during my high school career because I go to a public school. I want to be able to give God all of the Glory in this Christ-centered program where not only my education can flourish, but also my faith will grow stronger. Thinking divergently has been something that many of my teachers have pushed me to do in high school and the opportunity to be a part of this honors college with discussion-style courses that will challenge me to think creatively will continue the learning style that I have been taught and am familiar with. In the Honors College, I will get the chance to work collaboratively with faculty on researchShow MoreRelatedInsight to Coach Carter Film7710 Words   |  31 Pagesstretches beyond gangs, drugs, prison, and yes†¦even basketball. Paramount Pictures presents an MTV Films Tollin/Robbins production of a Thomas Carter Film, â€Å"Coach Carter,† starring Samuel L. Jackson. Directed by Thomas Carter, written by Mark Schwahn and John Gatins, the film is inspired by the life of Ken Carter. 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Guideline Taiwan free essay sample

Tuition and academic fees do not include any of the following: administration fees, thesis advising fees, insurance premiums, accommodation, Internet access, all of which are payable by the recipients. (ii) Subsistence allowance: The MOE offers each recipient undertaking undergraduate studies a monthly stipend Of INDICT 5,000; it offers each recipient undertaking postgraduate studies a monthly stipend of INTEND,OHO. II. Duration of Scholarships: (I) The maximum period of each scholarship is four years for undergraduate programs, two years for master programs, and four years for doctorate programs.The maximum length of the total awards for each recipient undertaking a combination of studies is five years. (ii) Annual award periods begin on September 1st and continue until August 31 SST of the following year. Recipients must arrive in Taiwan and enroll at their admitting universities/ colleges within this period unless delays have been approved by the relevant institutions and the MOE. If recipients fail to arrive in Taiwan for registration during this period, their award will be revoked with no deferrals. Iii) Subsistence allowances begin from the month of the recipients registration t the universities/colleges and end when the award period expires or upon the recipients graduation, withdrawal, suspension, expulsion, or revocation Of the scholarship. IV. Eligibility: (I) Applicants must be a foreign national with a high-school diploma or post- secondary degree(s), with an excellent academic record, and be of good moral character. (ii) Applicants are ineligible if they meet the following criteria: 1. Are R.O. C. Nationals or overseas Chinese students 2. Are already registered or have obtained student status at any university/ college in Taiwan. Graduating students pursuing further studies are exempt from this rule. 3. Have already studied in Taiwan for the same level of degree as the one in which they currently intend to enroll. 4. Are exchange or dual/ joint degree students admitted in accordance with academic cooperation agreements between local universities/colleges and international universities/ colleges. . Have been a recipient of the Taiwan Scholarship for over total of five years. 6. Have had, in the past, their Taiwan Scholarship or Hay Enrichment Scholarship from the MOE revoked. 7. Are recipients of any other scholarship or subsidy offered by the Taiwan government or education institutions in Taiwan. This excludes subsidies offered by universities/colleges to cover tuition and other fees exceeding the scholarship limit. Iii) Applicants should apply directly for admission within the deadlines specified by each university/college listed in the Association of Taiwan Scholarship Program Schools (see Appendix 1 Applications for admission outside of the universities/colleges participating in the Taiwan Scholarship Program are automatically disqualified and will not be returned. V. Applicants should send the following document within the period specified enclosed with their application to the nearest Taiwan Embassy or Representative Office in their country.Failure to include any of these documents renders the application incomplete, and the applicant will not be further considered for the scholarship, without further notice: (I) Taiwan Scholarship Application Form (available at the nearest Taiwan Embassy or Representative Office) (ii) A copy of the applicants passport or other nationality certificates. (iii) A copy of the highest degree and academic transcripts.If issued by international educational institutions, these documents must be authenticated by an overseas Representative Office or be sealed and delivered by the awarding institutions. Documents in a language other than Chinese or English must be translated into Chinese or English and the translated documents must be authenticated. (iv) A copy of admission application materials to universities/colleges in Taiwan (e. G. , copies of application fee remittance, application form, receipt of application from universities/colleges, e-mails, ). V) A copy of a language proficiency certificate: 1 . A copy of results or certificate for the Test of Chinese as a Foreign Language (TOUCH) Basic or above. 2. For applications to all-English programs, a copy Of TOE-FL test scores or other recognized English language proficiency exams or degrees awarded in English must be submitted. English speaking nationals are exempt from this rule. (vi) Two letters of reference, signed and sealed in envelopes (I. E. From the principals, professors, or supervisors). Photo copies and email submissions of letters of recommendation will not be considered. (vii) Additional documents as specified by the individual representative offices. VI. Quotas for scholarships offered by the MOE are contingent upon the Moues annual budget allotments for the coming year and each representative offices yearly performance. The MOE notifies all relevant offices of the available quotas for the new academic year by December 31 SST of each year. VII.Application and Selection Process: (I) Taiwan Representative Offices provide application information and establish selection requirements in accordance with these guidelines and directly process applications in coordination with local government agencies, schools, educational and cultural institutions. Scholarship application information (including selection criteria, scholarship types and quotas, application process, application period,) is provided in both Chinese and the local languages by January 31 SST of each year. Ii) After Taiwan Representative Offices provide the aforementioned information, hard copies in Chinese and in the local languages and an electronic copy must be forwarded to the Moues designated offices for archiving purposes. (iii) In principle, the application period is from February 1st through March 31st of each year. However, the actual application period will in accordance with dates provided by the local Taiwan Representative Offices. (iv) For the application, the applicant must send all completed documents to the nearest Taiwan Embassy or Representative Office in his/her home country.VIII. Selection Criteria: (I) Recipients academic study goals should be consistent with Twains national development plans so as to assist in the growth of industry, economy an d education. (ii) Recipients should achieve an undergraduate GAP of 3. 0 or above, and a postgraduate GAP of 3. 5 or above (on a 4. 5 scale). Where grade conversion calculation differs, Taiwan Representative Offices will base their inversion calculations on the aforementioned calculation guidelines to select outstanding applicants from prestigious universities/colleges. Iii) Interviews must be conducted in person or by video conferencing so as to interact with the applicants and better judge their demeanor and moral character. (iv) Priority will be given to applicants with a certificate in TOUCH- levels of: intermediate or above. For applications to all-English programs, a copy of TOEFL test scores or other recognized English language proficiency exams at the intermediate level or a test score Of over 75% must be submitted. V) Applications must be complete in full.All incomplete applications are ineligible for consideration, and persons submitting incomplete applications will be withdrawn from the selection process without further notice. IX. Selection Notice: (I) Upon reviewing applications and conducting interviews, the Taiwan Representative Offices will select successful candidates and alternate candidates which will be placed on a waiting list. Candidates and their awarding universities/colleges are to be notified by May 31 SST of each year. Ii) Successful candidates should submit a copy of their letter of admission to heir local Taiwan Representative Office for verification by June 30th of each year; should candidates fail to submit this letter within the specified time period, the candidates must submi t a written explanation and request verification from their Representative Offices. Failure to be admitted into a university/college will result in a suspension from the Scholarship Program. Failure to submit documents within the specified time period will result in disqualification, and the candidates on the waiting list will be offered a scholarship.The list of recipients must be finalized no later than July 31 SST Of each year. Iii) Taiwan Representative Offices should issue recipients with a certificate of scholarship (Appendix II) by July 31 SST of each year, and assign the Scholarships study time table according to the recipients level of study. Recipients information should also be completed on the on-line Taiwan Scholarship Information Platform. X. Upon completion of a degree program, recipients may reapply by February 28th of each year for the Taiwan Scholarship to undertake a higher degree program by following the application process as specified above. The maximum duration of each recipients total award period is five years (see revision IV, Section ii). XSL. The process for continuing scholarship benefits is as follows: (I) Each university/college should review recipients award qualifications for the second semester of the academic year and evaluate each recipients academic and conduct performances by February 28th of each year and notify the recipients and the MOE designated office within seven days.In addition, by September 10th of each year, universities/colleges should submit the renewal lists to the on-line Taiwan Scholarship Information Platform to secure funding. (ii) Recipients shall be granted renewal if they have achieved he following results: 1. A minimum total average of 70% per semesters coursework for undergraduates and 80% for postgraduates; universities/ colleges may set their own higher standards. 2. For recipients in the 3rd year of their doctoral programs, this evaluation should be conducted in accordance with the regulations of their individual institutions. (iii) If recipients have been admitted to the next level of study by their attending universities/colleges prior to the expiration of their scholarships, the attending UN verities/colleges must submit the scholarship application forms ailed out by the recipients, their academic transcripts in Taiwan, and proof of admission, to the MOE for change of scholarship levels and terms.The MOE will notify the universities/colleges, the MOE designated office and relevant representative offices. KILL Transfer: (I) After studying for a semester at a university/college, a recipient is allowed to transfer once to another university/college/department listed in the Association of Taiwan Scholarship Program Schools during the course of a degree program, if the pertinent educational institutions approve this request. I) Recipients that wis h to transfer to a different degree program at another university/college/department/graduate school, must re-apply to the original institute of the Taiwan Representative Offices. (iii) When applying for a transfer, the original university/college must notify the recipient and its transferring university/college of the recipients scholarship type, award period and transfer date. The transferring university/college must notify the recipient and the original university/college that it agrees to the transfer date. Both universities/colleges must send copies of the transfer to the MOE, elevate Taiwan Representative Offices, and the MOE designated office. XIII. The university/college of the recipient should apply and verify the scholarship in accordance with the following time period and processes each year from the MOE designated office: (I) After each semesters student enrollment, universities/colleges shall pay a monthly subsistence allowance to the recipients.The MOE will pay the universities/colleges in two installments: the first installment is for January through August, and universities/colleges should apply for appropriation by January 5th; the second installment is for heir appropriation by January 5th ; the second installment is for September through December, and universities/colleges should apply for their appropriation by September 30th. When applying for an appropriation, universities/colleges should submit a list of recipients and student-signed receipts.In cases where universiti es/colleges fail to apply for their appropriation in time, it is their responsibility to pay a monthly subsistence allowance to the recipients. (ii) Universities/colleges should submit three copies of their balance sheets statement and execution results form (form in Appendix Ill) to the UN perversity/college president, chief accountant and cashier for verification. The first deadline for verification is September 30th, and the second is December 20th.Remaining funds should be returned to the MOE. Universities/colleges should keep all original receipts for verification by the National Audit Office and other relevant offices. (iii) After each semesters student enrollment, universities/colleges must submit a list of recipients, along with a comprehensive statement of tuition and other fees (form in Appendix W), statement of income and expenditures, and receipts to the MOE signaled office to apply for appropriation and verification of tuition and other fees. Iv) The allocation, disbursement, and verification of funds are carried out in accordance with the MOE subsidy and commission expense verification guidelines. (v) Recipients that are suspended, withdrawn or expelled from universities/colleges shall have their scholarship revoked and subsistence allowance suspended. When this occurs after the 15th of the month, recipients will not be required t o return that months subsistence allowance. Tuition and other fees paid must be returned pro rata to the signaled office by the MOE and processed and verified separately.XIV. Other key provisions: (I) International students: 1. Scholarship applicants should apply directly for admission to universities/ colleges listed in the Association of Taiwan Scholarship Program Schools (see Appendix 1) within the application deadlines. 2. Other than tuition and other fees, recipients are responsible for the payment of all other expenses. In case of financial hardship, recipients may apply to their registered universities/colleges for payments to be deducted from their subsistence allowances. 3.Should the recipients academic and conduct performances or their attendance record fall below the required standard of their registered universities/colleges, their scholarships will be suspended or revoked in accordance with the rules and regulations of the universities/colleges. 4. Should recipients be in simultaneous receipt of any other award or subsidy granted by Taiwan government agencies or education institutions in Taiwan, upon verification, their scholarships will be revoked and any stipend and subsistence allowance given to them during the period of overlap shall be returned. Recipients are required to join the National Health Insurance plan. They must purchase other forms of medical insurance before enrolling in the National Health Insurance plan according to National Law. 6. Upon enrollment at universities/colleges in Taiwan, recipients are not allowed to study in any other country as exchange or dual/joint degree students. Should such a case occur, the recipients scholarships will be revoked and the remainder of the award period shall not be retained or deferred.Recipients on exchange as part of the degree program are exempt from this rule, but hey shall not receive any tuition stipend and subsistence allowance during the time period outside of Taiwan. 7. Recipients are not allowed to work illegally (including part-time work) while in Taiwan. If recipients engage in any labor activity without the Moues approval Of award renewal or without notifying their universities/colleges, their scholarships will be revoked and they need to return any stipend and subsistence allowance given to them during the period of employment. Ii) Universities and colleges: 1. Universities/colleges shall refer to their respective guidelines for admitting international students and notify applicants of their final decision no later than June 15th of each year. 2. Universities/colleges are required to establish their own regulations in relation to financial aid for recipients so that recipients may apply for payments they are responsible for to be deducted from their subsistence allowances. 3.The suspension and revocation of this scholarship is under the provisions of the recipients universities/colleges of enrollment and the MOE. In case of withdrawal, suspension, expulsion, or any other violation, universities/colleges must immediately suspend or revoke the spiniest scholarships, note the reason, period of suspension or revocation, and notify the MOE, the Bureau of Consular Affairs, the National Immigration Agency, and the MOE relevant Taiwan representative offices, the recipients and the designated office.In addition to the provisions of universities/ co lleges, scholarships may be suspended or revoked if one the following situations arise: 1) Recipients are absent for more than one-thirds of a single month excluding school breaks. Upon verification, the recipients subsistence allowances for that month shall be suspended with the recipients scholarships subject to revocation. 2) Recipients scholarships are revoked if they study in any other country as exchange or dual/joint degree students while in receipt of their Taiwan scholarships.Recipients on exchange as part of a degree program will not receive any tuition stipend and subsistence allowance during the time period outside of Taiwan. 3) Recipients who violate Taiwan laws, are imposed with any major demerit at the university/college, or withdraw or be expelled from the university/college shall have their scholarships revoked. In case of transfer to another university/college or apartment or voluntary withdraw from their original universities/colleges, recipients scholarship will not be revoked. ) Failure to submit at the time Of enrollment for each study term an Alien Resident Certificate (ARC) with pursuing studies as the reason for stay by the deadlines s pecified by the recipients universities/colleges, or altering the reason of stay while in receipt of the scholarships. 5) Recipients found working illegally or engaging in any labor activity without the Moues approval of award renewal or without notifying their universities/colleges shall have their scholarships revoked. Any stipend and subsistence allowances given to them during the period of employment must be returned. 6) Recipients whose academic average for the semester is below the passing standard set by their universities/colleges will have their scholarships suspended for a month; recipients whose academic average for the semester is below the passing standard for two consecutive semesters will have their scholarship revoked starting the next semester. 4.Relevant institutions wishing to employ recipients on a part-time basis should apply for employment permit in accordance with the Employment Service Act (SEA). Recipients universities/colleges should, in accordance with this guideline, review each case, and upon approval, state the proposed period of employment, nature of employment, and total working hours. A copy of the recipients academic transcript for two consecutive semesters must be submitted to the MOE for the evaluation of the renewal of the recipients scholarships. . Upon recipients arrival and enrollment, each university/college is required to organize orientations for recipients in order to inform them of the rules and regulations regarding scholarship renewal, grade calculation and award, and scholarship issuing, suspension and revocation. Each university/college should also issue the scholarship monthly, monitor scholarship suspension and revocation, and process scholarship renewal. 6.Universities/colleges should set up a specific unit and personnel to liaise with recipients, provide academic and student support, and encourage recipients to actively participate in school activities and national volunteer work during their stay in Taiwan. (iii) Taiwan representative offices: 1. Shall inform local government agencies, universities/colleges, and dents of the Taiwan Scholarship Program, provide information about studying in Taiwan, process scholarship applications and selections, and ensure that recipients sign the Taiwan Scholarship Program Ter ms of Agreement (form in Appendix V), agreeing to abide by the laws of Taiwan. . Are responsible for validating that the universities/colleges in which scholarship applicants have been admitted are listed in the Association of Taiwan Scholarship Program Schools. 3. Are required to submit their lists of recipients ( Appendix VI) to the MOE for review by July 31st. A copy of the lists tit all appendices should also be sent to the Bureau of Consular Affairs, the National Immigration Agency, the recipients universities/colleges, and the MOE designated office.The local office of Consular Affairs should also be notified. 4. In accordance with Provision Ill, shall issue recipients who have been admitted to universities/colleges with a certificate of scholarship, stating the exact period of the scholarship. 5. Shall organize orientations for recipients before they travel to Taiwan in order to explain the guidelines for the scholarship, the application process for residency in Taiwan, the barring f illegal labor activities, and relevant information regarding living and studying in Taiwan. 6.When the recipients return to their homelands, shall maintain contact with them and organize post-study presentations and seminars so that the recipients may share their experiences of studying and living in Taiwan with others. XV. Taiwan Scholarships granted before and for the 201 1 academic year are subject to the following: (I) Undergraduates will be awarded a monthly stipend of INTEND,OHO, and postgraduate students a monthly stipend of INTEND,OHO. (ii) Recipients will pay their own tuition fees and other fees from he beginning of the award period until the expiration of their award, graduation, withdrawal, or expulsion.

Political economy in Turkey Regulatory Agencies

Since the start of 1980s, liberalization policies have played a pivotal role in defining how states exercise the control over their economies.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Political economy in Turkey: Regulatory Agencies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is important to note that an essential element of the liberalization policies has been the withdrawal of the state from utility (infrastructure) sectors which have been typified by market failures, for example natural monopoly situations that resulted in the reduction of the level of competition in the markets. However, the withdrawal of the state from these sectors have resulted in the introduction of policies that focus on regulating (but not imposing direct control) of the economy activities of the newly liberalized markets at the macroeconomic level. Thus, one of the notable aspects of the changes to regulatory policies has been the formation of speciali zed independent regulatory agencies (IRAs) that are different from standard bureaucratic structures. This paper examines IRAs in Turkey with the aim of analyzing their independent features. IRAs in Turkey are distinguished by organizational attributes that are not the same as the traditional bureaucratic structures in the country and they make up service-based (as opposed to geographical) decentralized governance according to the country’s constitution. Thus, analyzing how they were established and investigating their autonomous attributes is important in knowing the track of liberalization that began in the country in the early 1980s. After experiencing a long period of both economic and political confusion during the better part of the 1970s, Turkey started to institute market-focused changes during the beginning of 1980. This initiative was an important change from the country’s etatist past. One of the main aims of the 1980 reform agenda was to institute changes in the trade regime and it involved introduction of a more flexible exchange rate policy (Zenginobuz, 1). It also involved doing away with stringent import substitution policies. This was achieved by encouraging exports of goods and services and liberalization of imports.Advertising Looking for essay on political culture? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The reform process also aimed at lowering the size of the country’s public sector. This was intended to give opportunity to private initiatives and markets in establishing fair distribution of resources in the economy; thus, the process of privatization of state-owned enterprises and liberalization of financial markets were thought to be imperative aspects of Turkey’s reform agenda. The 1980 economic reforms in Turkey led to remarkable transformations in the way business was done in the country. Export promotion policies resulted in new incentives and financial libe ralization was also realized. The emergence of IRAs in the country started to take place in the aftermath of the new initiatives described above and even though their emergence goes back to the start of the 1980s, their steady growth took place during the 1990s and the 2000s. In the 1980s, Turkey was not focused on instituting an efficient regulatory framework; thus, it was only towards the end of the 1990s that it passed regulations to this effect. The country paid no or little attention to the significance of creating a regulatory framework prior to liberalization and privatization of industries and it only realized this need following years of stagnant economic conditions. More so, after the Southeast Asian and the Russian crises of the late 1990s, essential structural problems in the country’s economic structure were exposed, and this further propelled the need of creating a regulatory framework. External anchors propelled the creation of regulatory agencies in Turkey. As pointed out earlier, the economy of country was stagnating; thus, international agencies such as International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank (WB) put an overpowering pressure on the Turkish government to institute reforms and create regulatory agencies. As a result, the policy makers in the country endeavored to create autonomous and credible IRAs so as to ensure that the markets function properly. More so, the establishment of the IRAs was aimed at marketization of public services as much as possible.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Political economy in Turkey: Regulatory Agencies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The efforts to establish regulatory agencies in Turkey served as the prerequisites for making the country eligible to loans that were to be provided by international agencies; therefore, the stand-by agreements that were made with IMF and the proposals of WB to revive the country’s ailing economy played a crucial role in suppressing the opposition of establishment regulatory agencies. For example, in the intention letters submitted to the International Monetary Fund on 9 December 1999 and latter letters, Turkey promised to establish IRAs such as â€Å"BRSA (Banking Regulation and Supervision Agency), EMRA (Energy Markets Regulatory Agency), TTPABMRA (Tobacco, Tobacco Products and Alcoholic Beverages Markets Regulation Agency), and PPA (Public Procurement Agency) to the IMF as a part of the criteria of stabilization† (Sonmez, 133). The European Union (EU) also played a role in the establishment of IRAs in Turkey. In the 1990s, Turkey was preparing to join the European Community and this obliged it to make some reforms so as to meet the objectives of the EU (Gul and Zenginobuz, 20). Notably, public sector reforms were enacted; thus, the establishment of the regulatory agencies is a component of these reforms. The reforms were intended to provide liberalization a nd competition in the country’s national markets, which had not been performing as desired. For example, Turkey has prepared a national program to adjust â€Å"its administrative, political, economic and social structures to the EU’ Acquis Communitarie and introduced the Turkey’s ‘National Program for the Adoption of the Acquis’ which was adopted by the Council of Ministers on 19 March 2001† (Sonmez, 133). In the report, the Turkish government has promised to institute a number of reform programs in the country concerning IRAs as well as in the public sector to achieve transparency and competition in the running of its affairs. Some of the reforms Turkey promised to adopt include the establishment of a draft law on public procurement and the establishment of an IRA in that sector. This led to the creation of the PPA on 1 January 2003. Other IRAs subsequently established include TTPABMRA in 2002, which was mandated to regulate tobacco products and alcoholic beverages, and the EMRA in 2001, which was mandated to regulate gas and electricity companies in the country. The EU and other international organizations became efficient in directing the internal policy of Turkey.Advertising Looking for essay on political culture? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Therefore, they pressurized the country’s politicians to enact structural reforms, notable was the creation of regulatory agencies that were not subject to political control in several important aspects of the country’s economy. There were remarkable changes over time in Turkey’s attempts to create regulatory agencies. As pointed out earlier, even though there were domestic drivers of regulatory reforms in the country from the 1980s, the process of establishing the reforms was rather slow. The slow implementation of regulatory reforms in the country was brought about by paying more attention on market orientation and liberalization instead of the reforms. Consequently, at the end of the 1990s, there was an urge to create the conditions more favorable for private investors. Such private investment into infrastructure industries, for example, electricity and telecommunication, was ignited due to the increased macroeconomic instability and inadequacy of resources t hat prevented the government from meeting its obligations of establishing the necessary infrastructure facilities. Additionally, several attempts had been made to make a number of public assets in infrastructure industries private. However, these attempts did not succeed because they were hindered by the legal challenges that were brought about by the Constitutional Court and the Council of State, inter alia. In this aspect, the law did not allow the privatization of natural monopolies if it was proved that they could not function to fulfill the bigger public interest. Thus, the hope of making state monopolies private and opening imperfectly competitive enterprises to new entry level evidently necessitated the creation of IRAs in Turkey. Appertaining to financial services, the financial crisis of 1982 sent a message to the policy makers in the country that having a banking sector that was not regulated was a threat to its growing economy. Whereas there was remarkable progress in the creation of IRAs in Turkey, such attempts were not successful up to the end of the 1990s. In addition to the other reasons provided earlier, the majority of the politicians in the country did not want to relinquish their political power because of the fear of losing control over the administrative agencies; thus, this understanding of the need for establishing a regulatory framework was ubiquitous among sections of the bureaucracy. The process of establishing credible IRAs was reinforced by the financial crisis in 2001; it formed an opportune environment for the passage of the necessary regulations on regulatory reforms and enhancing the political and bureaucratic commitment for reforms in the country. The financial crisis threatened the credibility of Turkey internationally to cope with such an emergency. Consequently, it lessened the resistance to prevent the passage of the necessary legislation for instituting regulatory agencies in the country. According to Tamer, the policy ch anges that were meant to establish the IRAs cannot be considered to be successful; there is still substantial exertion of political authority over these agencies, in varying intensities across different sectors of the country’s economy (57). Despite the recognized autonomy together with the complete economic and managerial sovereignty of the majority of Turkish IRAs, in reality, operation swerves from the official structures. In comparison to their counterparts in other countries, the IRAs in Turkey have a seemingly high level of autonomy; however, in some instances, they have served secluded interests of the country’s politicians, bureaucrats, and other private interests. It is important to note that even if the autonomy of the IRAs is perceived to be of essence for good regulatory results, official autonomy itself is not a guarantee to automatic â€Å"good† results; therefore, Turkey is a good example to depict the inconsistency between official structure and actual operations. For instance, in the telecommunications sector, the autonomy of ICTA (Information Technology and Communication Authority) is comparable to that in the United States, which is a noteworthy progress for a â€Å"latecomer† in the creation of regulatory agencies; nonetheless, there are substantial differences among the IRAs of the two different countries as appertains to real autonomy and performance of their operations. A number of IRAs in Turkey have been reported to be subjected to undue interference by the state. Some of these are ICTA, Sugar Agency (SA), and the Agency for Tobacco and Alcohol Markets (TAMRA). For the case of ICTA, the government employed various tactics to interrupt some of its liberalization measures, for example, the issuing of license to new operators, and for the case of SA and TAMRA, their institutional design has attracted interference by the government, as some of their board members are still employees of the government who serve i ts interests. In conclusion, since the 1980s, Turkey was engaged in market reforms without comprehensive regulatory framework, and it was until the country started experiencing economic crisis in 1999 that it began to adopt elaborate regulatory reforms in its governance. IRAs were established as key agencies of the reform process, which were aimed at creating a sound and competitive framework so as to avoid the major economic problems that the country had been facing. More so, the establishment of the IRAs was meant to exemplify the aspects of good governance. These aspects are, but not limited to, political insulation, transparency in service delivery, responsibility, and involvement. External pressures that were put on the country by international agencies such as the IMF and WB also facilitated the establishment of IRAs in Turkey. Another crucial role was played by the EU, which formulated stringent policies that the country had to adhere to before being accepted as a member of t he European Community. Works Cited Sonmez, Umit. â€Å"Independent Regulatory Agencies: The World Experience and the Turkish Case.† Etd.lib.metu. Middle East Technical University, 2004 Sept. Web. Sosay, Gul, and Zenginobuz, Unal. â€Å"Independent regulatory agencies in emerging economies.† Mpra.ub. Bogazici University, 2005 Sept. Web. Tamer, Cetin. The Political Economy of Regulation in Turkey. New York: Springer   Verlag, 2011. Print. Zenginobuz, Unal. â€Å"On Regulatory Agencies in Turkey and Their Independence.† Bog  Uni. Bogazici University, 2007 June. Web. This essay on Political economy in Turkey: Regulatory Agencies was written and submitted by user Dayton Bruce to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Gross Domestic Product and Consumption Essays

Gross Domestic Product and Consumption Essays Gross Domestic Product and Consumption Essays Tutorial 1 Problem 5 I. Real GDP: $1474680 million Consumption: $789278 million Investment: $357001 million II. Consumption share of GDP: Consumption/Real GDP = $789278/$1474680 = 0.535 Investment share of GDP: Investment/Real GDP= $357001/$1474680 = 0.242 Therefore, consumption is greater than investment. The difference is household conduct consumption while firms hold investment. III. | C | I | Jun-2003 | 1.53 | 1.43 | Sep-2003 | 1.31 | -0.76 | Dec-2003 | 1.82 | 3.65 | Mar-2004 | 1.13 | 4.33 | Jun-2004 | 1.61 | 1.04 | Sep-2004 | 1.18 | -0.43 | Dec-2004 | 0.88 | -0.09 | Mar-2005 | -0.20 | 3.03 | Jun-2005 | 1.48 | -0.07 | Sep-2005 | 0.76 | 4.62 | Dec-2005 | 0.36 | 2.63 | Mar-2006 | 0.70 | 1.74 | Jun-2006 | 1.02 | -0.02 | Sep-2006 | 0.88 | 2.13 | Dec-2006 | 1.24 | -1.52 | Mar-2007 | 2.15 | 1.30 | Jun-2007 | 0.96 | 6.29 | Sep-2007 | 1.28 | 2.09 | Dec-2007 | 1.50 | 1.42 | Mar-2008 | 0.54 | 0.22 | Jun-2008 | -0.50 | 3.31 | Sep-2008 | -0.37 | 1.11 | Dec-2008 | -0.08 | 0.79 | Mar-2009 | 0.14 | -1.34 | Jun-2009 | 0.73 | -1.67 | Sep-2009 | 0.31 | -1.09 | Dec-2009 | 1.00 | -2.06 | Mar-2010 | 0.16 | 3.34 | Jun-2010 | 1.37 | -2.77 | Sep-2010 | 0.94 | 2.56 | Dec-2010 | 0.94 | -0.14 | Mar-2011 | 0.69 | 1.90 | Jun-2011 | 0.87 | 4.42 | Sep-2011 | 0.6 9 | 1.24 | Dec-2011 | 0.50 | 7.37 | Mar-2012 | 1.49 | -0.18 | Jun-2012 | 0.75 | 4.19 | Sep-2012 | 0.29 | 0.98 | Dec-2012 | 0.40 | 3.60

Australian Legal System

There is a quotation mentioned in the essay which is quoted by Allan Amanyire.   This quote reveals that, there are lack of legal rules and democracy in the society which is an issue for all the people in the society.   The people of the society may be rich-poor, educated- uneducated, employed-unemployed but everyone faces same problem if the proper legal rules and democracy is not maintained in the society.   In this assignment the negative sides of the society is portrayed because in Australia there are lack of constitutional laws followed and because of that the economic stability of people is not maintained (Collins, 2014).There are some plans made to describe the assignment. They are description about equality law, description about Australian legal system, the inequality and scarcity of the society and the solutions which can be applied to solve the problems of the society by legal methods. With the help of English mon law tradition Australian legal system started progressing. Federal regulations of governments state that every country is democratic and the citizen of the countries have right to choose the government of the country through voting system under Human rights act. Under section 41 of constitution of Australia of mon Wealth the people of the country has legal right to choose president and ministers of the country, who can work for the sake of the county. As per Human Rights of Australia (1949), the people of the country have to live their life in a democratic nation where monopolistic views are not followed. There is certain rights of mon man of the country. That freedom does not restrict people to convey their speech; to live a proper life with equality without discrimination; to vote; to get employment and to get all the facilities and enjoy rights of the country. The quotation in the question states that, Australian government is not following the democratic rules and making the country corrupted by indulging lots of discrimination between rich and poor, man and women and etc. For that reason, the rules of Equality act of 2010 are needed to be followed by the government and the citizen of the government. This act should be equal for rich or poor, employed or unemployed and educated or uneducated. Everyone should be same in the eye of the law (Collins, 2014). The mon man suffers a lot because they b e the victim of inequality. If democracy is not maintained in the society, then the citizen of the country loses their freedom and they are deprived by equality and political facilities (Humphreys, 2010). According to equality act, there should be no discrimination in terms of race, gender, age, sex, caste, creed, religion, class etc. These legal rules are not followed in Australia and that is the reason that people are in problem. They are victim of discrimination which is harming them. Even employment is also not available in the country because of lack of regulations. All these loopholes in the system is creating main problem to all the people in the society whether they are rich or poor. As the legal system of the country is improper, so the economic system and the corporation system are also lacking various resources. In this quote this things are tried to be mentioned. Several critics have criticized the legal and political system of Australia. It is said that, if there is lack of democracy in a country then people cannot lead a free life. If it is followed by the business perspectives that people cannot set up their corporate world and business because the rules of the business will not be followed properly in this type of country where proper rules and regulations are not followed.   If any methods of business are not followed properly then the corporation system would not follow properly (Gleeson, 2000). So it is plicated to form vital business in a country where there is lack of following the rules and regulations. On the perspective of the quotes mention in the question many authors said several lines such as: John Maynard Keynes said, â€Å"The market can stay irrational longer than you can stay solvent†. Allan Amanyrire said, â€Å"The rule of law bakes no bread, it is unable to distribute loaves or fishes, and it cannot protect itself against external assault, but it remains the most civilized and least burdensome conception of a state yet to be devised† Both the quotations reveal the negative part of the rules of the law and democracy which is affecting the society in adverse way. People are in burden under uneconomic condition. There is lack of employment in the country because of less democracy. Business also cannot be flourished properly because the legal rules of business is not followed which is adversely affecting the merchants or business man in the country. According to Razz (2002) in a book â€Å"A Basic Themes in Rule of Law Theory†, there are some rules made by government, which should be followed by the citizen of the country. There are some general principles. Those principles are certainty, and according to this principle stable, open and clear autonomy should be given to individual in democratic way (Gustafson, 2001). There is another principle that is generality, and according to it control of conduct of several citizen of various classes and in this case the legal rules should be followed where non-particularised and impersonal law is necessary to be implied. The final principle is equality, according to this principle, the law should be subjected equally and it should be followed by all class peoples in the munity. According to rule of law the democracy and freedom from interference should be given where human rights are not interfered (Raz, 2007). The liberties of the citizen should be saved and they should be treated with dignity by giving respect and rights to the citizens by the government of Australia (Ohnesorge, 2007). There is the journal, â€Å"Rule-book and Rights based Theories of Rule of Law†, (2003). There are various rules and regulations described in the journal and particular formulation of rule of law is stated by Lon Fuller. The morality and law is discussed in the contradiction of law. Argument is done by HLA Hart and Joseph Razz that the concept of equality in sexual inequality, racial segregation and religious intolerance is i patible which does not match which the concept of democracy following the legal rules. The standard of statues of law has failed here. Ronald Dworkin said there are some rights which are based on the rule of law which are demand of the citizens, where rights based theories are followed (Criddle, 2012). There is an integrity model made by Dworkin which is based on right based theory. According to the journal, the â€Å"The Current Debate: mon Law Constitutionalism†, (2009) argument was made on Anglo Australian legal tradition following the doctrine of parliamentary supremacy and Dicey’s constitutional theory gives vast description about the mercial law of the country which should be followed under legal rules and the theory but Allan argued that those theories are not conceptualised and human rights and democracies are not incorporated in the theories but only the legal rules of business and merce is mentioned without any link to the federal system of the society. The rule of law is criticized because the main points and motives are clearly not mentioned in the principles (Shaw, 2003). According to Farrell and McAllister (2003), if the democracy is needed to be maintained in the constitution of Australia, then it is very necessary that modern and organized way is needed to be applied in the parliamentary system of the constitution where electronic voting system is needed to be followed and secret ballot system is also needed to be arranged. Democracy is very important in a society because if there is monopoly in a rule for a long time, then the single power will be enhanced and addressed and the loopholes of the other parts of the constitutional system create trouble, barriers and boundary for the ordinary people of the country. The democratic system changed on 2004, when various new parliamentary systems are organized and voting board of supervision started thorough which new rules are organized following the federal system of the mon law of Australia. After the development of new applications in parliamentary system, various things are changed (Shaw, 2003). Posit ive changes are noticed; unemployment in the country is less now; poverty is also reduced and as per the quotation mentioned in the question, the tension and the issues of business formation and arrangement of mercial system in the country is also developed where different rules are stated and the needs of the citizens are heard and acts and rules of Australian legal system is motivated through the federal system.   Ã‚   This essay gives the ideas about the requirement of democracy in modern world because if the country follows the rules and regulations properly and democracy is maintained then the citizens can express their needs and their rights are also protected with the rule of law in Australian legislation system (Barber, 2006). There are various acts which are stated in terms of the quotation mentioned in the question. Various arguments, critical analysis and debates are also settled in the assignment which enriched the essence of the project with legal considerations followed properly.   Collins, R. (2014). The Rule of Law and the Quest for Constitutional Substitutes in International Law. Nordic Journal of International Law, 83(2), pp.87-127. Criddle, E. and Fox-Decent, E. (2012). Human Rights, Emergencies, and the Rule of Law. Human Rights Quarterly, 34(1) Gleeson, M. (2000). The rule of law and the constitution. Sydney, NSW: ABC Books. Gustafson, B. (2001). Book Review: Colin James (ed.), Building the Constitution (Wellington: Institute of Policy Studies, Victoria University of Wellington, 2000), pp. 448, $45. Political Science, 53(1) Humphreys, S. (2010). The Equality Act, 2010. Research Ethics, 6(3) Levine, S. (2004). Parliamentary Democracy in New Zealand. Parliamentary Affairs, 57(3), pp.646-665. Barber, N. W. (2006). ‘Sovereignty Re-examined; the Courts, Parliament, and Statutes’, Ronald Dworkin, Law’s Empire Ohnesorge, J. (2007). The Rule of Law. Annual Review of Law and Social Science, 3(1), pp.99-114. Raz, J. (2007). The Identity of Legal Systems. California Law Review, 59(3), pp.795.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Shaw, J. (2003). The Rule of Law — And a Bill of Rights. AQ: Australian Quarterly, 75(5), p.10.

CONTEMPORARY ISSUES IN EDUCATION and TRAINING Essay

CONTEMPORARY ISSUES IN EDUCATION and TRAINING - Essay Example On the other hand, people from the supposed low class may not be able to get all the constructive things. Although, they may be interested to access all the constructive things particularly education, because of their economic and social drawbacks, they may not be able to do that. In those cases, the role of government and other governing bodies assumes so much importance. From earlier times, government has been coming up with various policies and steps, to give them a platform or backup to aid them in their endeavours. This is particularly visible in the educational sector. Education plays an important part in the intellectual and mental development of any individual. Education is an imperative part of human life as it directs person particularly young children towards his/her progress. Thus, lack of education could take the lives of people in the negative direction. Although, this is not a norm, as many people without education are shining in various fields, however, the fact is, e ducation provides them the platform to learn a lot of things, and importantly gives them the confidence to go for various optimum targets. To fulfil this motive only, government has been giving free or subsidized education to the needy target group. Although, this government policy and social initiative is aiding a lot of children and providing positive results, some scepticism has arisen due to the new studies, which show that social background determines pupils' success. That is, even if the economically and thereby socially disadvantaged people are given free education in the form of Free Schools and City Academies, it does not guarantee their success. This implies that the children’s social status is the reason for their lack of success, and the government should reconsider or even stop its free or subsidized education, as it does not lead to success. However, the fact is, various other factors plays a role in the academic success of the children, and their social status is not a major reason. So, this paper will discuss the above assumptions regarding the class differences, and will point out how there are many more factors that play a role in a child’s academic success, than the class differences. â€Å"Class in Classrooms† For a child to become educationally equipped various factors come into play and all these factors have to be fulfilled. Among these, the two key factors are the parents and the school, its teachers. As the child will spent maximum of their childhood years and time in their household and in their schools, these two factors or environments will only play a key role in their development and in their future. Among these two environments, it is always said and assumed that the school environment only play the major role as far as academic success is concerned. With the children spending more productive time in their schools only, than their homes, in their crucial formative years, it is logical to say that the schools and their teachers mainly play the influencing role in the academic success of the children. Although, the role of parents and home environment cannot be totally ignored, the schools are said to decide the pupil’s success. However, recent studies have stated that the children’s parents and their home environment, thereby their social background maximally influences the academic succ

NORMALIZATION AND SQL DDL STATEMENTS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

NORMALIZATION AND SQL DDL STATEMENTS - Essay Example Atomicity ensures that no incomplete transactions are ever executed by the system which ensures the state of data always remains stable despite any hardware/software failures. Consistency ensures that only those transactions will execute that do not violate any of the database consistency rules which ensures data remains valid. Isolation ensures uninterrupted single transaction processing e.g. the concurrent transaction requests are handled serially i.e. one transaction at a time. Durability ensures that transactions are logged and therefore transactions can be rolled back at any time. Database normalization is a set of guidelines that helps in organizing data efficiently which improves the overall performance of a DBMS. It helps remove data redundancy (does not allow duplicate data storage in multiple tables) which in turn reduces the space consumed by database. Furthermore, it improves data consistency by allowing only sensible and logical data dependencies between tables (e.g. a table stores only data that is related). There are five normal forms of database; 1NF, 2NF, 3NF, BCNF and 4NF. Mostly, normalization till the third form is enough for most database system applications. 1NF helps eliminate duplicate column from a table and identifies unique column(s) i.e. through primary key. 2NF separates data subsets into separate tables forming foreign keys. And 3NF ensures all columns in a table are dependent only on the primary key. The exercise helped in understanding the concept of ACID model and offered a hands-on approach to designing and optimizing a database design. It helped in practicing the application of the most widely used normalization guidelines on a previously formed database model. Furthermore, it also helped practice the DDL statements involved in the actual creation of a database application in