Exploring Free Will and Decision Making in Albert Camus The Guest Essa

Exploring Free Will and Decision Making in Albert Camus' short story "The Guest," In Albert Camus' short story "The Guest," Camus raises numerous philosophical questions. These are: does man have free will?, are an individual's decisions affected by what society demands, expects, neither, or both?, and finally, how does moral and social obligation affect decision making? Balducci brings the Arab to Daru's door, informing Daru that "I have an order to deliver the prisoner and I'm doing so," (90) thus freeing Balducci of the responsibility over wherever the Arab ultimately ended up. Balducci didn't want the responsibility of the Arab possibly escaping, and by doing only as was expressly required of him (delivering the Arab to Daru's door and giving the orders of the Arab's destination to Daru), he was also setting the story so that any decision Daru later took was an act of Daru's alone and was not directly dependent on any other decision another man had made prior. Balducci avoids the social obligation he's supposed to feel. He should follow through on the prisoner's handling, but he doesn't have to. Balducci knows this, and decides to avoid the effort and instead justifies his leaving the Arab there by simply following his orders and not reading between the lines of the order. Daru ended up accepting the Arab, both because the prisoner was delivered to him, and because he had a sense of responsibility to the French government (or society) to at least accept him, if not deliver him to the police in Tinguit (social obligation to not let him go free, justice must be served because if it wasn't, society would turn to chaos). Daru's orders were escort the Arab there for he was "expected at police headquarters" ... ...ome men think about decisions and some just react to their environment like a glorified plant? Do all men know they have free will and understand what that means? Daru gave a choice to the Arab, was that fair for the Arab (and society) or was it an egotistical action based on what Daru thought was right, fair or just? Why did the Arab's ultimate choice depress Daru, and why did neither Balducci or Daru want to be responsible for another man? In the end the Arab really is 'the dog' of society. No decision was ever his (from the perspective of the reader and Daru), but still, how do we know if Daru is different? By answering some philosophical questions through use of characters in a vacuum, Camus raises many more questions, which is the modus opernadi of the philosopher: not to find answers, but to ask questions that will eventually have the answers inherent in them.

Interpersonal Communication Essay

In the healthiest of environments, people advance from ‘relationship’ to ‘engaged’ status because two people have mutually acknowledged each other, have common understandings, and act with the other person’s concerns in mind. A relationship, be it for marriage, friends or business, requires a domain of actions and an assessment that your partner is worth trust because they act with the intention to take care and not betray shared concerns. One of those elements is the interpersonal communication between the people in the relationship. When communicating effectively, there is a behavioral coordination that results from the coupling between two people in such a way that the relationship can limit the drift of day-to-day life, and move with effective communication practices that will address fundamental concerns. The bedrock of effective interpersonal communication is to first know who ‘you’ are. Review and understanding of your self-concept, self-image, self-esteem, and personality will allow for greater spaces for possibility to understand the same elements of your partner. Interpersonal communication involves both verbal and nonverbal communication and both of these communication types can be expressed in a variety of different ways. One aspect to clearly understand is that communication is complex because it involves two or more people to be in a dance of coordinated action that will take care of concerns and/or fulfill the narrative of the future. Communication is also continuous; to be most effective in the domain of interpersonal communication there is a requirement of recurrence, recursion  and reciprocation. Communication is also dynamic in that the action requires the embodiment of practices that allow you to transform between public, private and behavioral queues with your significant other. Equally important to remember is the misconception that communication cannot transform interpretation. Languaging is a linguistic coordination of linguistic coordination’s, a domain of descriptions of descriptions that refer back to themselves for meaning. Our classroom text asserts that we cannot exactly repeat something we have said in the past. Even if our words are the same – the tome of voice and other characteristics such as posturing and tone will differ- and the listener will also have a different impression (sole, K. 2011). Communication is also irreversible in that we cannot take back our words once spoken. This is why it is very important to be conscious of what you are saying in moments of anger when you might say something that you may later regret. The harmonious combination of two different points of view can certainly be viewed as a barrier to effective interpersonal communication because balance between the two is not always achieved. Common communication problems in relationships are assessed as: 1) Silence or refusal to speak; 2) giving into the other person at a cost of self or the relationship (also known as placating); and 3) psychological requests or reports – which is essentially the announcement of a feeling, emotion, or state of being without any commitment to act from the assessment produced an/or speaking without regard for the truth to fulfill a concealed agenda. Let’s face it – the silent treatment is more often than not a way of inflicting pain on the other person, or to get them as angry or disappointed as you are. Either way, there are no good outcomes possible for effectiveness to be achieved. Giving in to your significant others demands can defuse a negative situation, however, over the long term you can loose who your ‘self’ is and the foundation of the relationship can begin to become eroded. Visions of virtues, what is a good life, beliefs, and what is important for being taken care of can be lost subconsciously without you even knowing it when you give into placating. The last of the three barriers mentioned is psychological warfare. This could be sabotage born out of feelings of resignation, despair, boredom, resentment, distrust, confusion, being overwhelmed, and skepticism. It is important to try and be a third party observer of your moods because they color your outlook about your relationship and the world over extended periods of time. Moments of perturbation should be discussed with your partner in the moment or soon after so that bottled up aggression does not have the opportunity to morph into something much worse in the future such as ‘playing games’. As reviewed in chapter three of our classroom text, what you perceive in the world depends on what you pay attention to (Sole, K. 2011). With acceptance of this assertion then it is easier to understand how you organize and interpret what you perceive, and the framework of your emotions take place. Always remember that emotions are specific ungrounded assessments that live in our bodies for only a short period of time as feelings and thoughts. The perception of your partner may differ from your own; in fact, it most likely does because you both have had two different journeys throughout life from birth to the present moment. It is important to remember that emotions are the result of perturbations of our nervous system and provide automatic and ungrounded assessments about the world because as reviewed earlier, our individual ‘worlds’ are made up of only what we are paying attention to. Some emotions are inherited genetically and some are learned. Emotions though, only tell us how we ‘feel’; not the ‘truth’. With this in mind we can begin to understand then to be careful to know the difference between stating a ‘truth’ to our partner and making an ‘assertion’. With interpersonal relationships it is important to be aware of our emotions and how they affect the people around us, including our significant others. Non-verbal communication is defined as communication of a message without words, which means that it encompasses a wide range of vocal and visual signs and behaviors (Sole, K. 2011). Throughout your relationship you will  express yourself not only with your voice or with a pen, but also with eyes, facial expressions and body posturing. When listening to your significant other it is recommended to be aware of your body posture; the technical term for this is called kinesics. For example, sometimes there is no greater expression of affection for someone than the embrace of a hug or putting your arm around them (Burgoon, Buller, Woodall, 1996). As time goes on most partners begin to pick up on what the other is thinking without even speaking through non-verbal communication habits. For example, my fiancà ©e figured out that whenever I rub my eye with my index finger by putting pressure in corner of eye, I am in a mood of frustration or anger; and I never realized I did that till she pointed it out to me! Emotional Intelligence, also known as EI, is a reference to the capacity that someone has to understand, communicate, and manage emotions; and further the ability to understand and respond to the feelings of others (Sole, K. 2011). This is an especially powerful element to successful relationships because it expands the different possibilities for thinking and actions that a couple can take throughout a lifetime together. EI is a reference that someone has a background of listening taking place where future possibilities are being listened to, even while declarations for thinking or acting have taken, or are taking place. Take the various moods of yourself and your significant other for example. The understanding of moods can help in managing conflicts with one another. Moods color a persons point of view about life for periods of time and have body postures associated with it. If you see your significant other standing with their arms crossed and eyebrows bent while eyes are starring at you like daggers, then you may not need them to say that they are frustrated because you can interpret that with your level of emotional intelligence. A submission from my own meandering experience on like is to recognize the difference between the things you can, and the things you cannot change in life. Do your best to let go of negative thoughts and change negative interpretations. If your significant other is not able to spend a lot of time with you because of the amount of time you work for example, then  instead of ‘getting down’ on it be thankful that you get to end the day with him or her, and that they are ambitious instead of lazy. Another broad suggestion that does not encompass a specific situation would be to stay away from â€Å"I† statements. Our text for the class uses a great example for this. Instead of â€Å"you make me so angry sometimes† TRY: â€Å"I am so angry with you sometimes†. It shows that you are taking ownership for your own emotions and are describing a behavior instead of simply acting on it without thinking the situation through. CLOSING: The bedrock of effective interpersonal communication is to first know who ‘you’ are. Review and understanding of your self-concept, self-image, self-esteem, and personality will allow for greater spaces for possibility to understand the same elements of your partner. References Bower, B. (2010, November). Shared talking styles herald new and lasting romance. U.S. News & World Report, 1. Retrieved from ABI/INFORM Global on July 22, 2011. Document ID:2223940991 NARA SCHOENBERG. (2011, February 6). Can we talk? Researcher talks about the role of communication in marriages. Houston Chronicle,p. 7. Retrieved July 28, 2011, from ProQuest Newsstand. (Document ID: 2260839481). Nathan Miczo, Chris Segrin, & Lisa E Allspach. (2001). Relationship between nonverbal sensitivity, encoding, and relational satisfaction. Communication Reports, 14(1), 39-48. Retrieved July 25, 2011, from Research Library. (Document ID: 72022836). Preston, P. (2005). Nonverbal communication: Do you reallynsay what you mean? Journal of Healthcare Management, 50(2), 83-6. Retrieved from ABI/INFORM Global. Document ID: 814698921 Sole, K. (2011). Making connections: Understanding interpersonal communication. San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education, Inc. (https://content.ashford.edu)

Differences Between the Disease Model and the Harm Reduction Model Free Essay Example, 1500 words

Disease Model Treatment Implications A lasting total abstinence from all psychoactive substances is perceived to be the only acceptable treatment goal. The disease model also considers confrontational and coercive tactics as essential to break through denial. Disease model views successful recovery as requiring acceptance of the disease, hopelessness, and submit to a higher power (McCrady & Epstein, 1999). Harm Reduction Model Harm reduction infers a model that aids clients control their drinking and drug use. The model does not pay attention to the notion of addiction as a disease but addresses the consequences of high risk behavior, such as substance abuse. The model does not promote total abstinence; rather, it promotes changes in behavior that will minimize harm to the individual who chose high risk behavior. Similarly, the model with its empowerment emphasis perceives consumers as both a teacher and a learner and desists from the use of labels and forced dichotomies. Harm reduction model encompasses a set of practical strategies that minimize negative consequences flowing from drug use and incorporates a continuum of strategies from safer use to managed use and abstinence. We will write a custom essay sample on Differences Between the Disease Model and the Harm Reduction Model or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Harm reduction strategies pursue substance abusers â€Å"where they are at, † addressing the conditions of use, as well as the use itself. The approach matches recovery to any positive change, whereby recovery is a process in which the consumer outlines the tempo and parameters of that process (Marlatt & Witkiewitz, 2002). However, harm reduction is not tacit consent to drug use, anti-abstinence, or a â€Å"Trojan horse† for drug legalization. Principles of Harm Reduction The approach accommodates user’s decision to use. In addition, the approach allows drug users to be treated with dignity. The model allows the drug user to take responsibility for his or her behavior. Furthermore, drug users have a voice on a broad array of issues, especially those affecting them directly. In the model, there are no pre- defined outcomes with the aim of reducing harm rather than consumption. Differences between the Disease Model and the Harm Reduction Model Harm reduction model accommodates that drug use is a reality, and pursues to minimize  harmful effects, instead of simply ignoring or condemning drug users. The model understands drug use as an intricate, multifaceted phenomenon embracing a spectrum of behaviors from dependence to abstinence, and accommodates the view that some ways of drug use are concisely safer than others.

Can I Become an Architect by Studying Online

Say you want to better yourself. You have a curious mind, and you wonder about the stuff that surrounds you—the buildings, the bridges, the patterns of roadways. How do you learn how to do all that? Are there videos to watch that would be like watching and listening to classroom lectures? Can you learn architecture online? The Answer Is Yes! Computers really have changed the way we study and interact with others. Online courses and videocasts are a wonderful way to explore new ideas, pick up a skill, or enrich your understanding of a subject area. Some universities offer entire courses with lectures and resources, free of charge. Professors and architects also broadcast free lectures and tutorials on websites like Ted Talks and YouTube. Log on from your home computer and you can see a demonstration of CAD software, hear prominent architects discuss sustainable development, or watch the construction of a geodesic dome. Participate in a Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) and you can interact with other distance learners on discussion forums. Free courses on the Web exist in various forms—some are actual classes and some are informal talks. The  opportunities for learning architecture online are increasing every day. Can I Be an Architect by Studying Online? Sorry, but not entirely. You can learn about architecture online, and you can even earn credits toward a degree—but rarely (if ever) will an accredited program at an accredited school offer a completely online course of study that will lead you to become a registered architect. Low-residency programs (see below) are the next best things. Online study is fun and educational, and you might be able to earn an advanced degree in architectural history, but to prepare for a career in architecture, youll need to participate in hands-on studio courses and workshops. Students who plan to become licensed architects work closely, in person, with their instructors. Although some types of college programs are available online, there is no reputable, accredited college or university that will grant a bachelors or masters degree in architecture solely on the basis of online study. As the Guide to Online Schools points out, to provide the best possible educational outcomes and career opportunities, any online course you pay for should be from an architecture program that is accredited. Choose not only an accredited school, but also choose a program accredited by the National Architectural Accrediting Board (NAAB). In order to legally practice in all 50 states, professional architects must become registered and licensed through the National Council of Architectural Registration Boards (NCARB). Since 1919, NCARB has set the standards for certification and become part of the accreditation process for university architecture programs. NCARB distinguishes between professional and non-professional degrees. A Bachelor of Architecture (B.Arch), Master of Architecture (M.Arch), or Doctor of Architecture (D.Arch) degree from a NAAB accredited program is a professional degree and cannot be fully accomplished by online study. Bachelor of Arts or Science Degrees in Architecture or Fine Arts are generally non-professional or pre-professional degrees and may be earned entirely online—but you cant become a registered architect with these degrees. You can study online to become an architectural historian, earn continuing education certification, or even earn advanced degrees in architectural studies or sustainability, but you cannot become a registered architect with online study alone. The reason for this is simple—would you want to go to work or live in a tall building that was designed by someone who didnt understand or have practice in how a building stands up—or falls down? Good news, however, The trend toward low-residency programs is increasing. Accredited universities like The Boston Architectural College with accredited architecture programs offer online degrees that combine online learning with some hands-on experience on campus. Students who already are working and have an undergraduate background in architecture or design can study for the professional M.Arch degree both online and with short on-campus residencies. This type of program is called low-residency, meaning you can earn a degree mostly by studying online. Low-residency programs have become a very popular add-on to professional online instruction. The Online Master of Architecture program at Boston Architectural College is part of NCARBs growing Integrated Path to Architectural Licensure (IPAL) program. Most people use online classes and lectures to supplement education instead of attaining professional degrees—to become familiar with difficult concepts, to expand knowledge, and for continuing education credits for practicing professionals. Online study can help you build your skills, keep your competitive edge, and simply experience the joy of learning new things. Where to Find Free Classes and Lectures Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs): Visit these top-rated websites to find a network of teachers and students along with free lectures, activities, and projects.Online College Courses in Architecture and Engineering: Many universities post lectures, assignments, and other resources on the Web, where you can enjoy them, at no cost. The courses are the same ones offered matriculated students, but they do not usually offer a way to interact with the instructor or other students.Ted Talks: This online video collection is a wonderful source for lively lectures about architecture and design. The lectures are short, easy-to-understand, and absolutely free. Write architecture in the search box to find grouped playlists like Amazing Creative Homes and Architectural Inspiration and individual videos like  Rachel Armstrongs  Architecture That Repairs Itself and Design at the Intersection of Technology and Biology by Neri Oxman.Open Education Database: Search for courses and degrees in a va riety of subject areas, including structural engineering, sustainability, and interior design. For learners of all levels.YouTube.com: Use the search box on the home page and youll find a variety of free videos about architecture. Examples include What Is Architecture? by MAYA Design and CAD Tutorials by Revit architecture. Remember that anybody can upload content to the Web. This is what makes online learning filled with warnings and stipulations. The Internet has very few filters to validate information, so you may want to look for presentations that have already been evaluated—for example, TED Talks are vetted more than YouTube videos. Source Difference Between NAAB-Accredited and Non-Accredited Programs, National Council of Architectural Registration Boards.

Transparency Is Key Aspect of Corporate Governance

The boards of directors are responsible for the governance of their companies so there has to be transparency in company reporting. Transparency is key aspect of corporate governance because of implementing corporate governance this will allow stakeholders and shareholders to review and evaluate performance of management and the company this ensures that the board of directors and the executive directors of corporations act in the best interest of shareholders and the corporations. It is implemented like a form of company law it is put in place so shareholders are protected and also so that the company is run up to standards is making profits and it is a way shareholders and potential investors know they can trust the management. This is†¦show more content†¦One of the aspects of corporate governance is making managers accountable to shareholders/stakeholders, as the shareholders are the owners of the company and the managers are seen to just run the company. This means the managers are required to justify their actions and will be held responsible for any activities/actions that will affect the company and share price, this will naturally cause conflict between shareholders and managers. This is because individuals who could not have prevented these results are unfairly punished. Accurate accountability is therefore important to stakeholders/shareholders and to achieve this accountability has to be used in combination with disclosure, legitimacy and responsibility. Corporate governance helps improves accountability of a business and to stakeholders/shareholders because management regularly have to report, explain and be answerable for resulting consequences, which could lead to fines, termination of jobs etc. This is because shareholders can monitor and control company management, which corporate governance allows .It implements a comply or explain aspect, if management does not comply with certain regulations and shareholders does not agree with them then as a result it can sanction them because of noncompliance. They can do this because as it states in the Hampel report (1998) that accountability is the board’s first responsibility because it enhances the prosperity of theShow MoreRelatedHistory And Meaning Of Corporate Governance1450 Words   |  6 PagesCorporate governance is a key term to understand and it is increasingly important part of running a successful company. 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What Race and Ethnicity Means Free Essays

It seems as if some people still want to separate us depending on the color of our skin. Being that there’s so many races mixing, there’s no such thing as a pure race. Race seems to be unimportant to me. We will write a custom essay sample on What Race and Ethnicity Means or any similar topic only for you Order Now Ethnicity is a word that I prefer and enjoy when speaking of culture. Ethnicity makes me think of everybody’s struggle dating back from their ancestors to the present. Where did your ancestors originate? Where did you come from? Ethnicity is ones background and cultural differences.For example just because I am considered black doesn’t mean that I am from Africa; which means that I will be considered an African American. I thought for years that I was an African American till an African man that I was friends with broke it down to me and gave me some knowledge to read. He is considered an African American because he’s from Africa and now resides in America. I am considered to be a black American because I’m from America. This is weird being that my ancestors were American Indians.Your ethnicity is the group that others place you. I do have my personal opinion on all of this and why America still tries to identify us by race. Since my opinion was asked I felt the need to tell the truth on how I feel. Race and ethnicity are important in America because some people in the government still strives for division and don’t want us to come together as one. It seems as if the government gets more powerful when we separate ourselves from each other. If we all were to come together I feel as if they would consider us as a threat. How to cite What Race and Ethnicity Means, Papers

The Influences of Candide’s Development free essay sample

The story Candide or Optimism, written in 1759 by Francois Marie Arouet De Voltaire, is about a young man who experiences many misfortunes and who is exceptionally naive. His development throughout his journey in life is contributed and influenced by the people he comes in contact with. In the story, Candide has the opportunity to experience many different views on philosophical optimism by meeting different people who have all suffered from different experiences and misfortunes. Some of these people, such as Pangloss, Cacambo, and Martin are individuals who had a major impact on Candide’s development and perspective of life. Candide is a good-hearted but an extremely naive young man. His mentor Pangloss teaches him that their world is â€Å"the best of all possible worlds. †(Candide, 521) Candide travels the world and comes in contact with a variety of misfortunes. He idealizes Pangloss and his teachings, and continuously tries to apply these teachings to his life. As he is applying these teachings, he suffers from a series of misfortunes. His faith in Pangloss’ optimism is repeatedly tested. Due to Candide believing in Pangloss’ sayings, he does not have an opinion on many things. Candide is definitely â€Å"extremely ignorant of the ways of the world,† (523). The fact Candide can not make decisions for himself, causes his actions and opinions to mainly be determined and influenced by his surrounding factors. He is a less realistic character due to his innocence, simply because he accepts as true everything his tutor Pangloss tells him. Candide’s vulnerability unfortunately leads him to many misfortunes, which painfully teaches him about reality. The character Pangloss is Candide’s philosophical tutor. Pangloss’ optimistic philosophy contrasted greatly with the events that were occurring in Candide’s life. Often throughout the story, many disastrous things happened to Candide, but he continued to believe Pangloss. Although Pangloss’ own experiences throughout life contradict his belief, he remained faithful to the belief that â€Å"everything is for the best in this best of all possible worlds† (521). Pangloss, just like Candide is an unrealistic character. He too, is somewhat hopeful and refuses to accept bad, believing he could make their world a better place with his none sense optimism. As Candide continues to come in contact with all these misfortunes, it shows that Candide was a faithful young man, and indeed was a true believer in Pangloss’ theory that all was well in their world. Pangloss also taught Candide that â€Å"things cannot be otherwise than they are, since everything is made to serve an end† (521). Pangloss’ philosophy is stating that everything has a purpose and everything that happens, happens for a reason. No matter how bad things might be going, it is for a good cause and can only be as bad if one believes it to be. Cacambo is also one of Candide’s companions on his journey. He also acts as an advisor and a guide for Candide and helps him develop some knowledge towards the ways of the world. Unlike any other character in the novel, Cacambo is honest and highly intelligent. Cacambo shows confidence through his intelligence and moral unrighteousness. He is a good man, as well as kind and generous. Cacambo pushes Candide to view the world as it really is, instead of following Pangloss’ philosophy of â€Å"the best of all possible worlds. † He wants Candide to understand that bad things happen in the world and that everything is not good. During the journey, Cacambo is always able to get himself and Candide out of trouble with his quick thinking and advanced knowledge. He has good sense and knowledge and is able to make things better, whereas Candide always make a troubled situation even harder with his lack of knowledge and his inexperience in the world. The time Candide spent with Cacambo during his journey was a positive influence on the young man. Even though Candide did not have the analytical skills as Cacambo, he shows growth in self-sufficient decisions by the influences of Cacambo. The last and final character that had an influence on Candide’s development was a scholar named Martin. Martin is the third of Candide’s companions and advisers. His beliefs are completely opposite of those of Pangloss. Martin, just like the others has also suffered from a series of calamities. Identical to Cacambo, Martin is more intelligent than Candide and Pangloss. He is a more realistic character because he is scholarly and more likely to draw reasonable conclusions. In a conversation between Martin and Candide, Martin tells him â€Å"I find that everything goes wrong in our world† (561). He has difficulty seeing the world as it actually is and one can conclude that Martin constantly expects nothing but the worst to happen. He teaches Candide to see that the world is full of bad and evil just like Cacambo did. He also shows him the world is not all well as he once believed from listening to the philosophy of Pangloss. The conclusion of Candide would not be possible without the many changes that had taken place within Candide. During one point in the story Candied began to lose faith in Pangloss after seeing the horrific events that happened before him. â€Å"Oh Pangloss, you had no notion of these abominations! I’m through, I must give up your optimism after all† (552). At this time Candied began to have second thoughts on everything his tutor has taught him, yet he still kept the faith hoping that things really were for the good. Through his many experiences, Candied realized the impossibility of philosophical optimism. With the help of Pangloss, Cacambo, and Martin, as well as his experiences and observations, he learned to come up with his own solutions and acquired the ability to judge for himself, all which was apart of the development of Candide.